Most of us worked remotely during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We adapted quickly to new ways of working and communicating. Often, we had to collaborate differently to gain transparency and complete projects. That usually meant pulling employees from other departments into team meetings or creating more diversified, cross-functional virtual teams —with enterprise agility as the objective. The need for agility since the pandemic began is now embedded within leading enterprises. So, too, is the agile concept of workplace tribes to innovate and solve business challenges.
What Is a Tribe?
Workplace tribes are comprised of 100 or fewer employees who bring interdisciplinary backgrounds to their groups. Rather than focusing on one large business objective, tribes are assigned specific aspects of a project or initiative. For example, an enterprise may be looking for new customer markets. A tribe could have members from procurement, logistics, marketing, finance, and others who are assigned a precise country to explore its viability.
Tribal Structure and Agility
Organizations are realizing the benefits of smaller, diversified teams — where the unique skillsets of the contingent workforce can also be leveraged. The goal behind tribal teams is agility through innovative thinking and diverse perspectives. Callum Sherlock, talent acquisition lead for Cyberfort Group, writes, “In agile, you break up development into smaller increments, adopt DevOps, promote open communication, and ultimately reconfigure your teams so they include people from different departments who are responsive to problems as they arise — not six months down the line.”
The tribal approach is utilized by many companies, including Amazon and Spotify. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos believes teams and meetings are less productive with more people participating. Instead, he has a unique two-pizza rule. If there are more people than two pizzas can feed, then there are too many people involved. Of Bezos’s philosophy, Richard Brandt at The Wall Street Journal wrote, “[Bezos] wanted a decentralized, even disorganized company where independent ideas would prevail over groupthink.”
The Spotify agile strategy model is extremely comprehensive with several levels and roles. Author Abhishek Mishra breaks it down nicely in his LinkedIn article. It all begins with a Squad of 6-to-12 people who are responsible for a specific area. A Squad takes a start-up business mentality to problem-solving and innovative thinking and functions autonomously.
Each Squad includes an agile coach to keep the team moving forward on its goals. Multiple Squads that work on a related project belong to a Tribe (42-150 people). A tribal leader ensures the Squads have a productive and innovative environment. Beyond the Squad and Tribe are the Chapters and Guilds, followed by the Trio, Alliance, and Chief Architect.
Employees and Enterprises Benefit
While tribal team models can follow various structures, what they achieve is very similar. Sherlock in his LinkedIn piece says enterprises empower their employees to do their best work by removing the bureaucracy that often stifles innovative and creative thinking. “Building stronger, more rounded professionals out of all of your people, because you’re combining people with different knowledge backgrounds, everyone’s career experience is enriched. People are able to see development from different perspectives because of their newfound exposure to departments that perhaps previously, they would have never engaged with,” wrote Sherlock.
The benefits are wide-ranging for both employees and enterprises. Here are several that should make organizations question whether their teams are structured in the most optimal way.
- Sense of purpose and belonging. The Future of Work Exchange frequently cites the importance that employees have a sense of purpose in their work. The tribal model does exactly that by recognizing their unique skillsets and how their perspective can add value to the team. That feeling of belonging can have a significant impact on the enterprise culture.
- Cost and quality control. With smaller teams, everyone takes accountability for quality. And when issues arise, they can be solved quicker with fewer bottlenecks — leading to cost savings. Through different perspectives and knowledge, team members can bring unique solutions to business challenges.
- Greater efficiency and transparency. An interdisciplinary team yields transparency that may not exist with siloed groups. As a tribal team working toward a shared goal, information sharing provides enhanced clarity for what needs to be accomplished and improved efficiency for how to achieve it.
- Autonomy to deliver results. A tribal team approach respects the talent on the team and provides the autonomy to forge a path toward a solution. Embracing this new team structure may not come easily for some enterprises. However, empowerment can yield outcomes that lead to additional revenue streams or customer segments.
The tribal team concept is not revolutionary. However, in today’s volatile business landscape where agility, flexibility, and resiliency are essential, tribal teams are critical to enterprise competitiveness. One can think of them as dream teams where unique skillsets are leveraged across the organization. The Future of Work is about innovative workplace strategy and tribal teams deliver at both the enterprise and employee levels.
For a deep dive into tribal models, check out the SAFe Agile Release Train and Spotify’s squad/tribe model. Both are considered leading-edge approaches to agile teams.
