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Four-Day Work Week

Four-Day Work Week Put to the Test

While remote and hybrid work models are nearly synonymous with the Future of Work, the four-day work week is gaining renewed attention as a characteristic of workplace flexibility. Certainly not a novel concept, the pandemic helped elevate four-day work week discussions as companies sought to bring employees back into the office. Advocates of the four-day work week are encouraging companies to join pilot programs to test the waters and determine its viability.

It is important to differentiate the four-day work week model from a compressed work week. Employees who work a compressed week are still working 40 or more hours over four days. A four-day work week means working 8 hours per day, 32 hours per week with the same pay as a 40-hour week.

However, various studies have shown that a four-day work week can produce higher productivity levels compared to employees working more days with longer hours. A four-day work week can also lead to lower stress levels as well as a happier and more loyal workforce. When employees know that their company values flexibility and work/life balance, there’s a greater commitment toward enterprise goals. It is this insight that led to a drastic change in work hours/days in the early 1900s.

Work Hours and Days Not Etched in Stone

Historically, until the 20th century, the work week spanned six days, averaging 80-to-100 hours per week, with the majority of labor working in factories or heavy manufacturing. In 1926, however, the Ford Motor Company transitioned to five days, 40 hours per week due to productivity insights of its workers. TIME highlighted Henry Ford’s philosophy on this in his company’s Ford News in October, “Just as the eight-hour day opened our way to prosperity in America, so the five-day workweek will open our way to still greater prosperity … It is high time to rid ourselves of the notion that leisure for workmen is either lost time or a class privilege.”

The Fair Labor Standards Act, passed in 1938 and amended in 1940 by Congress, made the 40-hour work week standard. Thus, the notion that the work week cannot be anything less than five days, 40 hours per week is not realistic given our current times. As evidenced by the Future of Work movement, today’s workplace landscape shows yet another tectonic shift in workforce productivity and engagement.

Now, more than ever, with remote work becoming a mainstream workforce model, it is relevant to further explore the four-day work week concept. And that’s exactly what hundreds of companies are undertaking across the world from Europe to North America and beyond.

Largest Four-Day Work Week Pilot Launched in the UK

The largest-ever four-day work week pilot is occurring in the United Kingdom from June to December 2022. Led by 4 Day Week Global in partnership with leading think tank Autonomy, the 4 Day Week UK Campaign, and researchers at Cambridge University, Boston College, and Oxford University, there are more than 70 organizations varying in size and sector participating in the six-month trial, including over 3,300 employees who are being paid one day off weekly during the six-month pilot.

According to Joe O’Connor, 4 Day Week Global CEO, “The organizations in the United Kingdom pilot are contributing real-time data and knowledge that are worth their weight in gold. Essentially, they are laying the foundation for the future of work by putting a four-day week into practice, across every size of business and nearly every sector, and telling us exactly what they are finding as they go,” he says.

“We are learning that for many it is a fairly smooth transition and for some there are some understandable hurdles — especially among those which have comparatively fixed or inflexible practices, systems, or cultures that date back well into the last century,” O’Connor adds.

With the pilot now at its halfway point, all participating organizations were sent a series of questions with multi-choice answers on a scale of 1 to 5. According to 4 Day Week Global, of those that responded (41 out of the 70 companies), here are some insights on the four-day work week at this juncture in the trial:

  • 88% of respondents stated that the four-day week is working “well” for their business at this stage in the trial.
  • 46% of respondents say their business productivity has “maintained around the same level,” while 34% report that it has “improved slightly,” and 15% say it has “improved significantly.”
  • On how smooth the transition to a four-day week has been (with ‘5’ being “extremely smooth” and ‘1’ being “extremely challenging”), 29% of respondents selected ‘5’, 49% selected ‘4’ and 20% selected ‘3’.
  • 86% of respondents stated that at this juncture in the trial, they would be “extremely likely” and or “likely” to consider retaining the four-day week policy after the trial period.

A Bright Future for Workplace Flexibility

The outlook is encouraging for four-day work week adoption for some of the companies involved in the pilot. The fact that 49% of the company respondents are seeing an improvement in business productivity is something to note as well. The Future of Work Exchange will follow up once the pilot concludes in December.

In the meantime, if your company is interested in a 4 Day Week Global pilot in the United States or Canada, information can be found here.

Ultimately, companies will need to determine how a four-day work week impacts their business and workforce model. Flexibility of any kind within today’s enterprises is critical to talent acquisition and retention. Companies that tested but decided against adopting a four-day work week have still realized the importance of flexibility and implemented other measures from no-meeting Thursdays to seasonal half-day Fridays. Determine what is meaningful from a stress and work/life balance perspective and use that as a starting point for a flexible workplace program.

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The Four-Day Work Week Can Be A Reality…But Not Until the Pandemic is Over

Researchers at Cambridge University, Boston College, and Oxford University, not-for-profit organization 4 Day Week Global, UK think tank Autonomy, and the 4 Day Week UK Campaign, along with over 30 businesses across the UK, are set to begin a trial of four-day work weeks from June until December 2022. The study, which is open to other companies that apply before the program starts, aims to put real-world data behind the benefits of the four-day work week. “The four-day week challenges the current model of work and helps companies move away from simply measuring how long people are “at work,” to a sharper focus on the output being produced. 2022 will be the year that heralds in this bold new future of work,” Joe O’Connor, pilot program manager for 4 Day Week Global, told Mashable earlier this week.

The four-day work week has long been perceived as a savior for productivity and a boost for overall employee engagement, allowing employees with the option to savor three-day weekends and spend more time with their families and loved ones. An “automatic” additional day off every week would certainly improve mental health, employee wellness, and help alleviate some of the issues that workers have been dealing with over the course of the past two transformative years.

I was highly encouraged by a study run by the Reykjavík City Council in Iceland in which 2,500 employees participated. “Workers reported feeling less stressed and at risk of burnout, and said their health and work-life balance had improved. They also reported having more time to spend with their families, do hobbies and complete household chores,” the BBC article stated.

Here’s the caveat, though: the Iceland trial took place from 2015 to 2019. And, the upcoming UK experiment will take place during a pandemic.

Nearly every facet of both life and business has been altered in some profound manner since March 2020. Many of the attributes of work, including traditional commutes and afternoon lunches with peers, were taken for granted the second our cities and towns went in lockdown. In fact, with the Omicron variant raging across the United States and other countries around the world, we still those aspects for granted whenever there’s an exposure or infection and we’re quarantining for five, seven, or ten days (depending on country-specific guidance and restrictions).

The Future of Work Exchange was created with many concepts in mind, but one core goal was to point to the forward-thinking ideas, technology, and strategies that support work optimization and the Future of Work movement. “Flexibility” is a linchpin to how companies enhance how work is done in today’s evolving business environment, and, yes, that does include progressive approaches such as the four-day work week. This mode of work will have its benefits, no matter when it’s launched; employees will feel more engaged, workers will be able to connect more with their loved ones, and, yes, there is the fact that staff will work “smarter, not harder” and improve overall productivity.

There are reasons, though, why right now (meaning, literally, right now) may not be the proper time to launch such an experiment. Here’s why:

  • The prevalence of remote and hybrid work is translating into a failure to “disconnect” from work. I can attest to this first-hand: there are typically two or three evenings per week (sometimes more) when the bright lights of my laptop illuminate my home office while I’m listening to a new album or film score, typing away and not noticing that it’s 1am. For many workers that are now part (or have been part of) remote or hybrid infrastructures, the issue of “burnout” has always been an issue. Sometimes, no matter what the calendar looks like, a worker is going to put in well over 40 hours (and possibly close to 50) if they cannot disconnect from their strategic projects and initiatives. It’s a much different story in light industrial and similar industries, because…
  • Four-day work weeks are not “one-size-fits-all,” as in-person operations heavily favor a shortened calendar (with some risk). When forklift drivers, picker-packers, and those directly on the shop floor have the ability to condense their work into four instead of five days and maintain their productivity, it’s a win-win for both employees and executives. As stated above, however, white collar workers are not guaranteed to not work on those fifth days given the easy access to enterprise systems and their home office setups. The “risk” for non-remote employees is quite straightforward: what happens when manufacturing targets aren’t hit, or when “stow” goals are off at the end of the week? There is inherent risk built into four-day work weeks for these types of industries, that when mitigated, will surely be outweighed by other benefits.
  • There is too much uncertainty regarding the pandemic and its immediate workforce ramifications. “The Great Resignation,” which we call the “Talent Revolution,” is masking the true foundation of the long-term labor market. There is no way to conduct specific types of work-based experiments when, in the United States alone, over four million workers are resigning monthly from their positions. There are still big-name CEOs and executives that eschew remote and hybrid work, not to mention the fact that COVID cases are on a seven-day average of over 800,000, nearly triple the amount during the horrible 2020-2021 winter surge. It may be too much to say that COVID needs to be endemic before businesses begin tinkering with four-day work weeks, however, the next couple of months will prove to be yet another series of uncertain days when businesses will flirt with vaccine mandates for employees (and customers), staggered opening depending on caseloads, and other reactions to an ongoing public health crisis.

There are many other issues with the shortened work week that are linked to the “customer experience,” in which a day in which employees aren’t manning call centers or “Contact Us” chats could negatively impact relationships with key buyers. This has been a key pivot point for artificial intelligence in the workplace, allowing AI-led interactions help customers. As this form of AI becomes more prevalent (and accessible), businesses will have an easier time moving to the condensed work week. For now, however, the pandemic brings too much disruption, especially in the throes of the Omicron surge.

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